| North America | HIPAA | Protected health information stays in contracted US regions, under a signed business associate agreement. | SOC 2, ISO 27001, HIPAA, PCI DSS, CCPA / CPRA |
| CCPA / CPRA | No residency mandate. Consumer rights — access, deletion, opt-out of sale or sharing — apply to California residents. |
| State breach notification laws | No residency mandate. Notification duties follow the affected person’s state of residence. |
| Latin America | LGPD (Brazil) | No strict residency mandate. International transfers need a lawful transfer mechanism, such as standard clauses. | SOC 2, ISO 27001 |
| LFPDPPP (Mexico) | No residency mandate. Consent and privacy-notice duties apply to personal data processing. |
| Europe | GDPR | Hosting inside the EEA is available. Transfers outside the EEA need an adequacy decision or standard contractual clauses. | SOC 2, ISO 27001, GDPR, PCI DSS |
| NIS2 Directive | No residency mandate. Incident reporting duties apply to essential and important entities. |
| Africa | POPIA (South Africa) | Transfers are allowed to jurisdictions with comparable protection, or with consent or a binding agreement in place. | ISO 27001 |
| NDPA (Nigeria) | Cross-border transfers need a lawful basis and, for some transfers, Data Protection Commission approval. |
| Asia-Pacific | PDPA (Singapore) | No residency mandate. Organisations must ensure a comparable standard of protection when data goes overseas. | SOC 2, ISO 27001, PCI DSS |
| Privacy Act 1988 (Australia) | No residency mandate. APP 8 keeps the disclosing organisation accountable for overseas handling. |
| APPI (Japan) | Transfers need consent, or a destination with an equivalent protection system, such as APEC CBPR certification. |